Scientific Papers on the Central Pacific Islands

Acropora corals and diver on a reef near Howland Island. Image: KD Lafferty/USGS

Carpenter, K.,  & al., e. 2008. One-third of reef-building corals face elevated extinction risk from climate change and local impacts. Science , 1-5.
Sandin SA, Smith JE, DeMartini EE, Dinsdale EA, Donner SD, et al. 2008. Baselines and degradation of coral reefs in the Northern Line Islands. PLoS
ONE 3(2): e1548.

Halpern, B. et al. 2008.  A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems.  Science, 319: 948-952.

Jackson, J. 2008. Ecological extinction and evolution in the brave new ocean. PNAS 105: 11458-11465.

Maragos, J., A. Friedlander, S. Godwin, C. Musburger, R. Tsuda, E. Flint, O. Pantos, P. Ayotte, E. Sala, S. Sandin, S. McTee, D. Siciliano, and D. Obura. 2008. U.S. coral reefs in the Line and Phoenix Islands, Central Pacific Ocean: Status, Threats and Significance. In: Riegl, B. and Dodge R.E. (eds) Coral Reefs of the USA. Coral Reefs of the World, Volume 1, Springer–Verlag, pp 1-73, 639-650.

Miller, J. et al. The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Pacific Remote Island Areas.

Myers, R.A. and B. Worm.  2003.  Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities. Nature 423: 280-283.

For Additional Information :

• US Fish and Wildlife Service
• The Nature Conservancy - Palmyra Atoll
• National Geographic - Kingman Reef
  • Photographs
• Scripps Institution of Oceanography - Paradise Redefined
  • Photographs
  • Video